Small Animals Fracture Repair

Radiographic Interpretation of the Abdomen

Figures 21, 22: A and Survey films of the abdomen of an elderly pug showing a large midabdominal mass. The stomach is not see. C, Barium studies showing the extensive caudomediodorsal displacement of the pylorus due to extensive hepatomegaly. Diagnosis: Hepatic hemangiosarcoma.

Figures 23, 24: Hepatic fibrosarcoma. A, Survey radiographs are suggestive of a mass in the area of the liver. The stomach is displaced in a dorsocaudal direction (arrow). B, Pneumoperitoneum outlines the neoplastic nodules involving most of the liver.

Figure 25: Cholelithiasis (arrows) in a ten-year-old miniature pischer.

Figure 26, 27: Cystic kidney in a dachshund. A, Survey radiographs do not demonstrate the lesion. B, Pneumoperitoneum demonstrate the enlargement of the left kidney.

> Figure 28: Hydronephrosis. The enlarged kidney-shaped mass occupying most of the left hemiabdomen is completely homogeneous.

Figures 29, 30: Ventrodorsal (A) and lateral (B) projections of the abdominal cavity of a cat suspected to having lymphosarcoma. Bilateral kidney enlargement is visible.

Figure 31: Staghorn nephrocalculus in the right kidney. Cyst in the left kidney causing a grossly enlarged kidney. This patient, an eleven-year-old female cocker spaniel, died of uremia.

Figure 32: Renal calculi and small kidney. Careful examination will reveal multiple calculi in the pelvis of the right kidney. The left kidney is one half the size of the normal kidney.

Figure 33: Ventrodorsal and lateral projection of an abdomen secured during an excretory urogram. The lateral projection clearly shows a radiolucent mass appearing as a filling defect of the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter are present on the left. The right kidney shows no degree of concentration of the dye. The presurgical diagnosis was benign tumor of the uterine stump compressing the trigone. At operation a transitional cell carcinoma of the wall of the urinary bladder was found. The lesion was inoperable and the patient (a dog) was euthanized. Upon necropsy the right and left kidneys were found to be hydronephrotic. This is an unusual presentation of transitional cell carcinima of the urinary bladder as in most cases the mucosal surface is usually more irregular.

Figure 34: Cystic calculi in a ten-year-old spayed cocker spaniel.

Figure 35: Single cystic calculus. The concentric rings show the development of the calculus.

Figure 36: Cystic calculi (arrows) in a five-year-old female cat that had a history of hematuria. Examination showed two calculi in the bladder.

Figure 37: Chronic cystitis demonstrated by pneumocystography. The cranioventral aspect of the bladder wall is irregularly thickened.

Figure 38: Emphysematous cyctitis. Air is visible within the interstitium of the urinary bladder. This is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus when the urinary bladder becomes contaminated with a glucose-fermenting organism. as the organism invades the bladder wall, glucose is fermented and accumulation of carbon dioxide results.

Figure 39, 40: Carcinoma of the bladder in a 13-year-old male airedale terrier. At operation the carcinoma was found to be situated on a tiny pedicle. A, Plain film radiograph fails to demonstrate the neoplasm. B, A pneumocystogram shows the mass to be located on the anterior aspect of the urinary bladder wall.